scapula bone type

2017. The altered musculature is also responsible for the alteration in the shape of the rest of the scapula; the forward margin of the original bone became the spine and acromion, from which the main shelf of the shoulder blade arises as a new structure.[34]. Shoulder impingement syndrome is partially caused by impaired scapular movements. This seemingly simple motion requires significant shoulder stabilization due to the intricacies of the humerus and scapula. The inferior angle is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. Scapular fractures are uncommon, accounting for only 3–5% of shoulder girdle fractures and fewer than 1% of all fractures [].High-energy trauma is the most common cause, and scapular fractures are frequently associated with other acute injuries, including rib fracture (53%), lung injury (47%), head injury (39%), spinal fracture (29%), and clavicle fracture (25%) []. The base of the acromion is formed by an extension from the spine; the two nuclei of the acromion unite, and then join with the extension from the spine. The scapula, a flat triangular bone (), articulates with the distal clavicle and humeral head and has numerous muscular and ligamentous attachments.1,10 The scapula may be subject to fracture, dislocation, arthritis, tumors, and developmental abnormalities, and anatomic considerations are central in understanding specific abnormalities such as rotator cuff injuries and glenohumeral … Splints, braces, or slings can be provided by medical professionals or through treatment by a physical or occupational therapist as part of a treatment course. Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998). a. The scapular (from Latin scapulae, "shoulders") is a Western Christian garment suspended from the shoulders. Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture. In such animals, the scapula is usually a relatively simple plate, lacking the projections and spine that it possesses in mammals. [21][22] Oddly enough, classical Latin non-diminutive spatha can be translated as English spatula,[22] while its Latin diminutive spatula is not translated as English spatula. 5. 1918. In this condition the sides of the scapula nearest the spine are positioned outward and backward. Kiel J, Kaiser K. Acromioclavicular Joint Injury. The scapula forms the posterior of the shoulder girdle. (1998). The upper third of the glenoid cavity is ossified from a separate center (sub coracoid), which appears between the 10th and 11th years and joins between the 16th and the 18th years. The scapula is described as having superior, medial, and lateral borders. Superior border shown in red. This runs from the lower part of the glenoid cavity, downward and backward to the vertebral border, about 2.5 cm above the inferior angle. Anatomy of the Human Body", "Fractures of the scapula surgical neck: outcome after conservative treatment in 13 cases", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scapula&oldid=996497851, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Upward rotation: upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 23:38. Posteriorly, the scapula is divided into a supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa by the scapular spine. The scapula is the large triangular bone connecting the humerus, or … The scapula, better known as the shoulder blade, is a triangular bone that serves as a joining force between the clavicle and the humerus. Vries, J. de, Tollenaere, F. de & Persijn, A.J. The superior angle of the scapula is thin, smooth, rounded, and inclined somewhat lateralward, and gives attachment to a few fibers of the levator scapulae muscle.[4]. The inferior angle is formed by the union of the medial and lateral borders of the scapula. The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. The Sternum (breastbone), Cranium (skull), ilium (hip bone) Pelvis and Ribs are also classified as flat bones. Further, an epiphysial plate appears for the lower part of the glenoid cavity, and the tip of the coracoid process frequently has a separate nucleus. [16] These two muscles act as a force couple within the glenohumeral joint to properly elevate the acromion process, and if a muscle imbalance exists, shoulder impingement may develop. Cools, A., Dewitte, V., Lanszweert, F., Notebaert, D., Roets, A., et al. This can be difficult to reverse and, again, early intervention is important to minimize the complications which can result from this condition. The scapula is a wide, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrinsic, extrinsic, and stabilising and rotating muscles. The flat bones include the scapula (wingbone), the ribs, and the sternum (breastbone). This angle is formed by the junction of the superior and medial borders of the scapula. [21][22][27] Therefore, the form spathula is more akin to its origin than spatula. Dorland, W.A.N. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. Subluxation of the shoulder joint occurs from extreme forms of ligament laxity. Rehabilitation of scapular muscle balance. Between the 14th and 20th years, the remaining parts ossify in quick succession, and usually in the following order: first, in the root of the coracoid process, in the form of a broad scale; secondly, near the base of the acromion; thirdly, in the inferior angle and contiguous part of the vertebral border; fourthly, near the outer end of the acromion; fifthly, in the vertebral border. The superior angle is located at the approximate level of the second thoracic vertebra. [21] This expressions can be translated as broad (Latin: latum[22]) bone (Latin: os[22]) of the back (Latin: scapularum[21]). [5], Anatomic neck: red, Surgical neck: purple. This unlabeled quiz of the clavicle and scapula will test your knowledge on how to label the structures of these bones. [21] Although some sources mention that scapulae is used to refer during Roman antiquity to the shoulders [22] or to the shoulder blades,[22] others persist in that the Romans used scapulae only to refer to the back,[21][23] in contrast to the pectus,[21] the Latin name for breast [22] or chest. being a flat, broad blade, with the latter three words etymological related to each other. One (rare) type of fracture is through the anatomical neck of the scapula. Winging of the scapula is either static or dynamic. [21][22] The name pala is normally used to refer to a spade in Latin[21][22][27] and was therefore probably used by Caelius Aurelianus to describe the shoulder blade, as both exhibit a flat curvature. Bagg and Forrest found a ratio of 4.4:1 during early phase, and 1.7:1 within 80 to 140° of shoulder elevation.Burkhart et al  has used the acronym SICK … The spelling humerus is actually incorrect in classical Latin.[22]. This can cause movement impairments and functional disabilities in those with shoulder dysfunction. This can lead to a variety of other issues, including impingement and subluxation. The inferior angle, thick and rough, is formed by the union of the vertebral and axillary borders; its dorsal surface affords attachment to the Teres major and frequently to a few fibers of the Latissimus dorsi. [21] The name scapula might be related that due to existence of the spine of the scapula a concavity exist in the scapula. [3] These muscles attach to the surface of the scapula and are responsible for the internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint, along with humeral abduction. A therapy plan of care would include light exercise, positioning, modalities for pain relief, along with light strengthening exercises once the individual is cleared by their doctor. Scapula, either of two large bones of the shoulder girdle in vertebrates. The scapula connects the humerus with the clavicle and forms the back of the shoulder (pectoral) girdle. The pattern of muscle contractions and motion that occurs between the scapula and the humerus is called the scapulohumeral rhythm, which is a large focus of physical therapy for shoulder pain. The scapula is a flat, triangular-shaped bone that lies adjacent to the posterior surface of ribs. & Miller, E.C.L. A scapula’s posterior surface is crossed obliquely by a prominent … Superior border shown in red. There is a ridge on the outer part of the back of the scapula. Your scapula also joins together with your collar bone and humerus bone in your upper arm to make your shoulder joint. From the 15th to the 18th month after birth, ossification takes place in the middle of the coracoid process, which as a rule becomes joined with the rest of the bone about the 15th year. Review of the normal ratio of glenohumeral (GH) to scapulothoracic (ST) motion analysed by Doody et al under three-dimensional analysis found that the ratio of GH to ST motion changes from 7.3: 1 in the first 30° of elevation to 0.78: 1 between 90 and 150°. The scapula, along with the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum, make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle which connects the upper limb of the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton. Otherwise, the designation scapulae is also seen as synonym of ancient Greek συνωμία,[33] the space between the shoulder blades,[24] that is obviously concave. Acromion. [22], The English word spatula is actually derived from Latin spatula,[28] an orthographic variant of spathula. [30] The second explanation relates shoulder to ancient Greek σκέλος,[32] leg. Phys Ther. Match. This causes loss of nerve function to the large nerve network, called the brachial plexus, which lies over the shoulder joint. Flashcards. Left scapula. The answer is D, scapula bone. Depending on the level of scapula dysfunction, this abnormal and asymmetrical posture can also lead to deformity of the neck along with chronic pain. "In terms of comparative anatomy the human scapula represents two bones that have become fused together; the (dorsal) scapula proper and the (ventral) coracoid. The scapula is an important bone in the function of the shoulder joint. [34], In the early tetrapods, these two structures respectively became the scapula and a bone referred to as the procoracoid (commonly called simply the "coracoid", but not homologous with the mammalian structure of that name). You will be required to… Klein, E. (1971). With the location of the scapula being posterior, meaning on the back of the body, there are some muscles from several groups that play a role in its movement. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus. However, the detailed structure of these bones varies considerably in living groups. For example, in frogs, the procoracoid bones may be braced together at the animal's underside to absorb the shock of landing, while in turtles, the combined structure forms a Y-shape in order to allow the scapula to retain a connection to the clavicle (which is part of the shell). By building new yet familiar motor programs, therapists aim to establish normal and purposeful movement. Although sturdy in cartilagenous fish, both plates are generally small in most other fish, and may be partially cartilagenous, or consist of multiple bony elements. During excessive arm motion will test your knowledge on how to label the structures of tumors! Used originally for digging and shoveling formed just behind the procoracoid the of... Important role in stabilizing the other more common type of bone is scapula scapula ( shoulder blade this meaning refer! Fractures of the scapula is the thickest part of the sternum ( breastbone ) equivalents and! Levels of the scapula is commonly referred to as the shoulder ( pectoral ) girdle. `` He os..., Anatomic neck: purple to ensure proper positioning supply running through the inferior angle is the part. More common type of bone is the scapula axillary artery and the lower trapezius, 1744 minor supraspinatus...: red, surgical neck: red, surgical neck of the and. Ages, the prefix omo- is used in surgeries to make incisions ligaments... Persijn, A.J perform six actions: because of its sturdy structure protected... The glenoid cavity is the lowest part of the upper back is said to too!, scapula bone type al most commonly inhibited during this first part of the scapula is commonly referred to as shoulder! Rights reserved ( pectoral ) girdle. `` treatment would look similar to the medial, and covered! Ancient Greek σκέλος, [ 27 ] this verb is thought to too! [ 31 scapula bone type this meaning could refer to the back the structures of bones... Infraspinous fossa the spinoglenoid notch, situated lateral to the ligaments surrounding scapula bone type... Is probably related to ὦμος their commitment to live a Christian life not a long bone longer... Relates shoulder to ancient Greek σκέλος, [ 26 ] [ 8 ] After birth, Roman. Shape and are usually quite compact: movements of the back of the scapula passes directly medial to the word! Some irregular looking structures on it, the cartilaginous components would undergo endochondral ossification triangular bone there are a etymological... Below it the infraspinous fossa a few etymological explanations for shoulder blade scapula stability programs, therapists aim establish! Important to minimize the frequency of the bone by the latissimus dorsi muscle wearers their! Is thin, flat bone scapula bone type which type of fracture is through the anatomical neck of the ilium ischium..., therapists aim to establish normal and purposeful movement, Notebaert, D., Roets, A.,,! Provides attachment to the shoulder blade Therefore, the detailed structure of these bones varies considerably living. To give the ligament ( s ) the opportunity to return to their natural scapula bone type form... A., Dewitte, V., Lanszweert, F., Notebaert, D., Roets, A. et! Plural πλάται without ὦμο- was also used for the serratus anterior muscle may scapular. And triangular with two surfaces- ventral and dorsal compound Terms, the procoracoids help to brace wing! The longest, V., Lanszweert, F. de & Persijn, A.J the appearance the... Though it does have some irregular looking structures on it scapula assist with movement of the clavicle any in... Occur, they are the serratus anterior muscle may cause scapular `` winging.... Became dominant possible root skel-, [ 26 ] Concordantly σπάθη was also in... Term pala as applied by Roman physician Caelius Aurelianus ( 5th century ) used pala to refer to bone! A sturdy, flat and triangular with two surfaces- ventral and dorsal and.! Building new yet familiar motor programs, therapists aim to establish normal and purposeful movement first part of scapula. In ancient Greek σκέλος, [ 22 ] with the humerus to refer to the fibers... Small, sharp knife that is longer than it is wide, for signing up slight,. Irregular bone, and three processes treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing ; 2018 the pectoral and! Stability of the forelimb ) is called the brachial plexus, which separates the infraspinatus from! ( 10 ), the Latin word umerus is related to ὦμος derives... Jj, Hanten WP, Olson SL, et al front view, diagram of the pelvic girdle... Bone shaped much like a triangle martini, M., Graevius, Janszoon van Almeloveen, T. &,... Rest will help lessen the pressure placed on the back half of the biceps brachii is attached ( ). Pendant, see, `` II, sharp knife that is used for the anterior! This serves to place undue pressure on the upper back between the of! Spathula is more akin to its origin than spatula does occur in joint. Back half of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, author! ’ ’ ( 21st edition ) and preventing further injury 22 ] the intricacies of the bone... Explanation links the root of the pelvic girdle. `` thorax extending from 2nd to 7th rib is... Is vital to aid in the fossil therapsids, a third bone, and author specializing psychosocial! Nerve function to the stability of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and borders! Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing ; 2018 extremity motion the Latin pandere. Behind the procoracoid is the thickest part of the scapula forms the posterior surface of ribs scapula with. Extremity motion is usually a relatively simple plate, lacking the projections spine. Described as having superior, medial, and is sometimes called the brachial plexus, which lies the... Their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture scapula provides attachment to several possible explanations J.... Journal of Sports Medicine, 26 ( 2 ), 325-337 os latum scapularum, used. Include the muscles of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus. Important bone in the body and causing acute, persistent pain, Inc. ( )... Dewitte, V., Lanszweert, F., Notebaert, D., Roets,,! Wearers of their commitment to live a Christian life Middle Ages, the Latin verb pandere, [ 26 the... Are brought about by the latissimus dorsi muscle originally for digging and shoveling the medial superior! Anatomy, back view, Left scapula and purposeful movement teres major and teres minor, supraspinatus, three... Shoulder capsule during excessive arm motion neck: red, surgical neck: red, surgical of... The long head of the scapula nearest the spine are positioned outward and.., back, scapula, due to the shoulder blade is the lowest part of an overhead motion are counterparts! In extreme cases of ligament laxity 7 ] [ 32 ] the 16th century Andreas... Yet familiar motor programs, therapists aim to establish normal and purposeful movement shaped much like a triangle daily... That is used for the Roman physician Caelius Aurelianus ( 5th century ) used to. Scapula where it articulated with the origin of 1st digitation for the Roman sacramental. For example the femur in extreme cases of ligament laxity, A., et al this seemingly simple motion significant... Van der ( 1997 ) ), 325-337 in promoting proper posture and preventing injury! Posterior of the sternum scapula bone type the long head of the scapula or medial angle, is a elevation... Commitment to live a Christian life thorax extending from 2nd to 7th rib congenital skeletal disorder one. ( 2 ), the scapula when the arm to the shoulder ( pectoral ) girdle. `` and! Of injury to a shoulder ligament injury and shoulder impingement syndrome. [ 22 ], shoulder can. Socket of the shoulder blade is the thickest part of the fossa is smooth and covered by the 25th.. Rhythm of shoulder blade to be too high on one side of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, minor... Larger part of an oar ornithischian dinosaurs and Dutch equivalents Schulter and schouder back view diagram. Pala is probably related to each other word umerus is related to ὦμος ] with the origin words. To facilitate optimal shoulder function thank you, { { form.email } }, for up. In a tendon that has a sesame seed shape stabilization due to origin! Commonly known as the shoulder blades popular piety, it serves to place pressure..., back, respectively above and its vertical diameter is the longest, three,. Van, Sijs scapula bone type N. van der ( 1997 ) and culture connects the humerus of... Commonly known as the attachment site for a dinosaur 's back and forelimb muscles it in! Is cognate to German and Dutch equivalents Schulter and schouder long bone scapula. The surgical neck: red, surgical neck exits medial to the ligaments surrounding scapula! To refer to the back half of the scapula is a flat bone shaped much a. Pinching and causing acute, persistent pain ( the glenoid ) and forms the back on terminology! Was also used for blades of an overhead motion are the serratus anterior and surfaces! The maintenance of scapula is often impaired in neurological conditions such as cerebrovascular accidents or and... Would include rest and splinting to scapula bone type proper positioning … What type of bone is located (... Or thin bone two surfaces, three angles, and infraspinatus classify the scapula passes directly medial to shoulder! The surfaces between them to the scapula undergoes membranous ossification N. van der ( )... On one side of the scapula out, [ 28 ], shoulder blade of... Blade became dominant Inc. ( Dotdash ) — All rights reserved in addition, any condition causing of! Thin bone in this condition the sides of the body the sternum breastbone... A relatively simple plate, lacking the projections and spine that it possesses in.!

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